Pazar Meslek Yüksekokulu Koleksiyonu

Anatomical and palynological studies on Turkish Primula taxa (Primulaceae) and their taxonomic and phylogenetic significance

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Anatomical and palynological studies on Turkish Primula taxa (Primulaceae) and their taxonomic and phylogenetic significance Ulukuş, Deniz; Özkaymakoğlu, Esengül; Stubbs, Rebecca; Baykal, Hüseyin; Coşkunçelebi, Kamil; Tugay, Osman; Keller, Barbara; Conti, Elena; Celep, Ferhat Anatomical (scape, pedicel, leaf lamina, and leaf midrib) and pollen morphological features of 11 taxa belonging to the genus Primula subgen. Primula (P. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, P. vulgaris subsp. rubra, and P. megaseifolia, P. meyeri, P. elatior subsp. pallasii, P. pseudoelatior, P. veris subsp. columnae, P. veris subsp. macrocalyx) and subgen. Aleurita (P. longipes, P. algida, and P. auriculata) were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy to shed light on the existing taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships. The anatomical and palynological features of the majority of the taxa studied were revealed for the first time in this study. In anatomical studies, the very large intercellular space under the epidermis, the number of sclerenchyma layers in the scape, and the midrib shape in the leaf lamina were found to be of taxonomic importance at the subgenus level. In palynological studies, pollen grain size, pollen surface ornamentation patterns, and pollen aperture types could be used as important characters to distinguish species, sections, and subgenera. Significant differences were found between subgenera and between the pollen grains of pin and thrum flowers of the same taxon. Mostly, the subgen. Aleurita taxa had significantly smaller pollen grains than the subgen. Primula taxa, and pollen grains from flowers with pin morphology were smaller than those from flowers with thrum morphology. Our studies showed that both anatomical and palynological features have not only taxonomic but also phylogenetic importance.

Distribution of entomopathogenic fungi inducing natural infections in Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Distribution of entomopathogenic fungi inducing natural infections in Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye Bayramoğlu, Zeynep; Biryol, Seda; Demir, İsmail Orosanga japonica (Melichar, 1898) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) is an important pest in the Black Sea Region in Türkiye. Despite the use of various methods and microbial factors from different sources to control this pest until recently, several pathogens have been detected. Entomopathogenic fungi are important microbial agents in pest control. In the present study, we isolated eighteen fungal strains from nymphs and adults of O. japonica with fungal infection collected in Rize, Trabzon and Artvin provinces of Türkiye in 2021-2022. According to morphological and molecular characterization based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, all strains were identified as Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycotina: Hypocreales) (OJ1-OJ18). A screening test at 1 × 107 conidia/ml revealed that all the strains caused 75–100% mortality in nymphs and adults after 7 days. Further experiments were performed with the three most effective strains, all belonging to B. bassiana (OJ3, OJ7 and OJ15). The dose‒response tests of the three fungal strains were carried out on O. japonica nymphs and adults at concentrations of 1 × 104–8 conidia/ml. As a result of the concentration-response, the B. bassiana OJ3, OJ7 and OJ15 strains presented mortality rates of 100, 98.84 and 100%, respectively, at the highest dose (109 conidia/ml) on the 10th day, and the calculated LC50 values of OJ3, OJ7 and OJ15 were determined to be 1 × 104, 1.4 × 104 and 0.3 × 103 conidia/ml against nymphs and 1.6 × 104, 1.4 × 104 and 0.4 × 103 conidia/ml against adults, respectively. The presence of B. bassiana detected natural infections and the efficacy trials conducted in the laboratory revealed that B. bassiana has potential for use against O. japonica.

Bis(azo-mine) based transition metal complexes: synthesis, spectroscopy, DNA binding, docking studies, and α-glucosidase inhibition activity

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Bis(azo-mine) based transition metal complexes: synthesis, spectroscopy, DNA binding, docking studies, and α-glucosidase inhibition activity Zengin, Ali; Ertunga, Nagihan Sağlam; Akatın, Melike Yıldırım; Taşkın Tok, Tuğba; Ghaleb, Abdulmalek Hasan Mohammed; Ejder, Nebahat In this work, two new mononuclear transition metal complexes: [M(L)], (M: Zn(II) for 2a, Mn(II) for 2b), with H2L (2,2′-{propane-1,3-diylbis[nitrilo(E)methylylidene]}bis{4-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]phenol}, as the primary ligand (2) and a hetero-binuclear complex (3a): [Zn(L)Cu(phen) (ClO4)2], with the primary mononuclear Zn(II) complex, 2a, Cu(ClO4)2.6H2O and 1,10-phenanthroline as bidentate co-ligand(s) have been synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, FTIR, UV–Vis, NMR, H-ESI, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The biological activity assays of the compounds containing DNA interaction, antiproliferation, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activity tests, and molecular docking studies were performed. Complex 3a has the highest Kb value, 7.00 × 105, and the most effective nuclease activity and computationally exhibits strong and versatile partial-intercalation type interactions with DNA. The anti-proliferation activities of all compounds were evaluated against human cancer cells. Complex 2b showed the highest anticancer activity (IC50 = 22.46 ± 1.43 μg/mL) against HT-29 cells and (IC50 = 39.79 ± 6.71 μg/mL) against DU-145 cells. All of the compounds showed an inhibition effect on Gram (+) bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Complex 3a shows the most effective antidiabetic activity with the lowest IC50 value (7.64 ± 0.13) and inhibits the α-glucosidase enzyme in a non-competitive manner. Enzyme docking studies also revealed that complex 3a exhibited the most effective and strongest binding to the α-glucosidase enzyme. Consequently, due to their effective DNA binding, nuclease, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, complexes 2b and 3a may be favorable candidates for further applications in medical therapy.

Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, integrons and virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water in Van, Turkiye: a cross-sectional study

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, integrons and virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water in Van, Turkiye: a cross-sectional study Rakıcı, Erva; Aydın, Elif; Tanrıverdi, Elif Seren; Özgümüş, Osman Birol Background: Escherichia coli is one of the recommended freshwater indicator organisms for faecal contamination and can be associated with the pool of genes encoding antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characterisation of antibiotic resistance and to identify the virulence genes in E. coli isolated from drinking water samples collected for the purpose of monitoring microbial drinking water quality. Methods: The E. coli isolates (n = 244) from municipal tap water samples collected in Van province in Turkiye over a five-month period in 2018 were examined in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the standard disc diffusion method with 12 antibiotics. Integron content, the resistance genes such as blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M groups, tetA-E genes, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr were screened and the virulence genes (afa, sfa, fimA, hly, iroN, aer, cnf, iutA and pap) were assessed by specific PCRs. The fingerprinting of the isolates harbouring the integron was evaluated using dendogram analysis of the band patterns obtained from the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR. Results: Ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were the most common resistances. MAR index of 18.03% of the isolates was greater than 0.2. The two isolates produced ESBL. Thirty seven (15.16%) isolates carried the class 1 or class 2 integrons harboured the gene cassettes such as aadA, sat, estX and unnamed protein gene. Thirty two (21.47%) isolates were found to carry blaTEM, 5 (3.33%) isolates carried blaSHV and 2 (1.3%) isolates carried the blaCTX-M group genes. tetA (81.25%) and tetB (91.66%) were present in tetracycline-resistant isolates. qnrS (29.92%), qnrB and aac(6’)-Ib-cr (3.84%) were present in the nalidixic acid resistant isolates. Most of the isolates carried the virulence genes such as fimA, iutA, iroN, aer and sfa. Isolates belonged to 65.57% B1, 15.98% A, 9.42% D and 9.01% B2 phylogroups. A statistically significant difference was found between the phylogenetic groups of the isolates and the integron content (p < 0.001). Fingerprinting showed the 25 different phylotypes in four clusters. Conclusions: Molecular epidemiological findings in such a five-month period in the 11 sampled districts in the city of Van appearently showed us that the tap waters in public use was continuously contaminated by the antibiotic resistant and virulent E. coli isolates. This could pose a serious public health risk and, thus need the serious precautions for the infrastructures.