Diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that encompasses a wide range of symptoms and affects various metabolic processes. It is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, resulting from either a lack of insulin or reduced insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, commonly termed "insulin resistance." This condition has widespread implications, affects multiple organs, and leads to systemic complications. Diabetes mellitus, an ancient ailment, holds the distinction of being the most widespread endocrine disorder. Establishing the classification of the illness is based on an understanding of its pathophysiology and serves as a crucial framework for informing appropriate treatment strategies. Failure to administer the proper treatment or adhere to the prescribed dietary regimen could result in the development of macrovascular and microvascular problems. The effective management of diabetes mellitus requires the implementation of a comprehensive and interdisciplinary strategy. The ongoing education of patients, the community and healthcare professionals plays a vital role in the prevention of acute disease complications and the mitigation of long-term complication risks. The objective of this chapter is to present a thorough examination of diabetes, encompassing its pathophysiology, classification, clinical symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and management techniques for DM.