Assessment of Turkish consumers’ food sustainability perceptions: Cross-cultural adaptation of the Food Sustainability QuestionnaireQuestionnaire

Abstract

This study aimed to assess Turkish consumers’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors on sustainable food by translating and culturally adapting the Food Sustainability Questionnaire (FSQ). The study followed four phases: translation, content validation, cognitive debriefing, and testing (n = 467). The adapted FSQ showed strong content validity (Scale-level Content Validity Index/Average(S-CVI/Ave) = 0.98; Question-level Content Validity Index(Q-CVI) = 0.90–1.00). Despite 79.4% expressing concern for sustainability, cost (77.7%) remained the main barrier. Resistance was highest toward reducing dairy and red meat. Future protein alternatives had low acceptance. Strong support for mandatory labeling suggests regulatory potential. The adapted FSQ is a novel tool for evaluating sustainable perceptions in Türkiye.