Experimental models to study immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease
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2024Author
Saponjic, JasnaMejías, Rebeca
Nikolovski, Neda
Dragic, Milorad
Çanak, Asuman
Papoutsopoulou, Stamatia
Gürsoy-Özdemir, Yasemin
Fladmark, Kari E.
Ntavaroukas, Panagiotis
Bayar Muluk, Nuray
Zeljkovic Jovanovic, Milica
Fontán-Lozano, Ángela
Comi, Cristoforo
Marino, Franca
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Saponjic, J., Mejías, R., Nikolovski, N., Dragic, M., Canak, A., Papoutsopoulou, S., Gürsoy-Özdemir, Y., Fladmark, K. E., Ntavaroukas, P., Bayar Muluk, N., Zeljkovic Jovanovic, M., Fontán-Lozano, Á., Comi, C., & Marino, F. (2024). Experimental Models to Study Immune Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. International journal of molecular sciences, 25(8), 4330. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084330Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, age-related, progressive multisystem disease associated with neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction. This review discusses the methodological approaches used to study the changes in central and peripheral immunity in PD, the advantages and limitations of the techniques, and their applicability to humans. Although a single animal model cannot replicate all pathological features of the human disease, neuroinflammation is present in most animal models of PD and plays a critical role in understanding the involvement of the immune system (IS) in the pathogenesis of PD. The IS and its interactions with different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Even though culture models do not fully reflect the complexity of disease progression, they are limited in their ability to mimic long-term effects and need validation through in vivo studies. They are an indispensable tool for understanding the interplay between the IS and the pathogenesis of this disease. Understanding the immune-mediated mechanisms may lead to potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD. We believe that the development of methodological guidelines for experiments with animal models and PD patients is crucial to ensure the validity and consistency of the results.