The main aim of our study is to evaluate whether the effect of smoking on the auditory system shows gender differences. Another aim is to evaluate whether smoking has any influence on the absorbance of sound. There were ...

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intratympanic steroid injection combined with systemic steroid treatment in Bell's palsy. Methods: The patients treated for Bell's palsy between December ...

Objective:Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) as a portable method of monitoring sleep quality is a relatively recent innovation. The aim was to compare the results of PAT and polysomnography (PSG) and to evaluate the role ...

Objective: Vitamin D has multiple functions other than calcium metabolism. How- ever, there exists a paucity of data to explain the role of Vitamin D deficiency in patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). Material ...

Partial or rarely complete ossification or calcification of the outer ear is called the petrified auricle. Althoug the exact etiology is unknown; trauma, hypothermia, infection and various metabolic disorders could be the ...

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, but highly aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasm. It usually affects the head and neck region of the skin exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Although rare, there are primary ...

Objective: Controlled hypotension is commonly induced during functional endoscopic sinus surgery to limit mucosal bleeding. This may be detrimental to elderly patients and patients with arterial stenosis. The aim of this ...

Objective: To evaluate the effect of vascular loop variations diagnosed by high resolution ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the etiology and clinic of tinnitus with both the features of tinnitus and the tinnitus ...

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between vertical facial development and angular and linear measurements of the face. Methods: Pretreatment cephalometric radiographs of subjects ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of minimal-and high-flow anaesthesia on cerebral oxygenation during septorhinoplasty with controlled hypotension using near-infrared spectroscopy. Methods: Eighty ...