Millimeter-wave antenna design inspired by half-ring resonators for 5G communication systems

Abstract

The proposed antenna design incorporates half-ring resonators with radiation properties that are contingent upon the line thickness and gap spacing. The symmetrical spring segments situated at the horizontal centerline directs the bidirectional radiation. The bottom surface of the FR4 substrate, coated with 35 m of copper, acts as a reflector for electromagnetic (EM) waves, thereby increasing the intensity of the waves in accordance with the principles of image theory. The simulation results demonstrate that the antenna achieves a return loss of -30.3 dB at 33 GHz, covering a bandwidth of 2.3 GHz, which is sufficient for 5G applications through millimeter-wave (mm-wave domain). To prevent system noise, the additional increase in bandwidth is avoided. The antenna exhibits high performance, with a maximum gain of 10 dBi at f=0° and ?=0°, 4.04 dBi at f=90°, and a directivity of 12.85 dBi at 33 GHz. The far-field radiation patterns exhibit half-power beamwidths of 17.4°, 22.5°, and 25.3° in the azimuth and elevation planes, respectively. The proposed mmwave antenna structure offers high gain and directivity, rendering it an optimal choice for efficient, low-loss data transmission in 5G applications. The optimized impedance matching and minimized reflection losses serve to further enhance the antenna s performance, thereby meeting the stringent demands of modern communication systems.