Decade of microplastic alteration in the southeastern black sea: An example of seahorse gastrointestinal tracts

Abstract

Unconscious and excessive use of plastic supports the diversity and abundance of microplastics (MPs) in marine environments. As a result of MP exposure, organisms in the marine environment are faced with adverse scenarios up to death. In this study, ten-year MP composition was investigated in gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of lowmobility seahorses (90 individuals per period) from the Southeastern Black Sea. Seahorse GITs sampled during both 2012 and 2022 contain 102 and 135 MP items, respectively. The number of MPs per unit individual seahorse and unit seahorse weight was higher in the 2022 period. On the other hands, no significant differences were observed between the MP lengths of both periods. The majority of MPs in both sample periods were materials shorter than 1000 μm. Of the eight found synthetic polymers, five belonged to the 2012 period, while seven were observed during the 2022 period. Additionally, the most abundant synthetic polymer for both periods is polyvinyl stearate (PVS). As a result, 43% of the total plastic material belonged to the 2012 period, while 57% was observed in the 2022 period. Considering both the diversity of polymers and the abundance of plastics, the region was adversely affected by plastic materials in the 2022 period.