Optimization of clean-up in QuEChERS method for extraction of mycotoxins in food samples: A systematic review

Abstract

Mycotoxins in food should be evaluated regularly. In order to determine the amount of mycotoxins in food, accurate extraction methods should be used. In this systematic review, the type of clean-up step in the QuEChERS method was considered in the preparation of food samples for the measurement of mycotoxins. Furthermore, the method of extraction was also investigated. The selected keywords in important databases were defined as QuEChERS, mycotoxin, analytical method, detection, evaluation, and food. 291 articles were the result of the search. The manuscripts that were optimized for cleanup were selected. About 80% of the studies identified mycotoxins in food with plant origin. In the extraction stage, the most used solvent was acetonitrile, which was acidified with formic acid or acetic acid. Clean-up was used in most of the studies. Usually two compounds, C18 and PSA, were used together or alone. PSA was more recommended for foods containing carbohydrates, starches, and pigments, and C18 for foods containing high fat.