Age structure and body size variation in common toad (Bufo bufo, Linnaeus 1758) from three different altitudes in Turkey

Abstract

We describe here for the first time the body size and age of the Common Toad (Bufo bufo) from high (Trabzon, 1090 m and Kastamonu, 925 m above sea level) and low (Yalova, 65 m above sea level) altitudes in Turkey using skeletochronology. the specimens from Trabzon were significantly smaller and younger than the ones from the Kastamonu and Yalova populations. Age at sexual maturity was three years for females while it varied between two to three years in males in all three populations. We found the females to be significantly larger than males in all three populations. the sexual dimorphism indices (SDI) were biased toward the female populations. Even after accounting for the influence of age, the snout-vent length (SVL) differed significantly among the populations. Age and SVL were closely correlated in the male populations for all the three localities (Yalova, Kastamonu, and Trabzon) and for female individuals in the Trabzon population. in this first report, we reveal the demographic structure of B. bufo from the Anatolia region in Turkey and provide comparative data regarding this species for further discussion and determined that age and body size of Common Toad not differentiated among different altitudes.