New hopes in psychopharmacology

Abstract

Psychiatric disorders are very common all over the world, cause significant disability, and impose a heavy burden on both the individual and the society due to the loss of workforce. Unlike other diseases, phenomenological structure is still used in the diagnosis of mental disorders. The etiology of psychiatric disorders is not fully known. Because of this situation, treatment for the etiology cannot be performed. Treatment of psychiatric disorders differs from person to person, according to genetic characteristics. Existing treatment approaches take time to take effect, and resistance and unresponsiveness to treatment constitute serious problems in a significant portion of patients. Understanding the etiology and psychopathological processes of mental disorders is extremely important in terms of developing new treatment strategies. The number of studies aimed at understanding the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is increasing rapidly. New pharmacological approaches in the treatment of obesity, delirium and sleep disorders, which have come to the fore in this field in recent years, have created excitement. Studies examining the effects of naltrexone/bupropion and phentermine/topiramate extended-release forms in the treatment of obesity are promising. Similarly, it is interesting to suggest that dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha 2 adrenergic agonist agent, may be a suitable option for the treatment of delirium. One of the promising psychopharmacological treatment approaches in recent years is the use of Orexin Receptor Antagonists (ORAs) in the treatment of insomnia. It has the potential to revolutionize the pharmacological treatment of insomnia. In this article, it is aimed to contribute to the literature by reviewing studies on current and new pharmacological treatment approaches in the treatment of obesity, delirium and insomnia.