Nanotechnology: a smart approach for sustainable agriculture under global climate change

Abstract

Agriculture is the cornerstone of economic development for many nations and is indispensable for global food security. However, the sector faces exceptional challenges exacerbated by climate change, which disrupts ecosystems and threatens food production. It has been proposed that climate change may decrease global crop yields by an average of 8% by the middle of the century. As the world’s population continues to grow, the demand for food is projected to increase significantly by 50% by 2050. To address these challenges and ensure global food security, there is an urgent need to adopt innovative agricultural technologies. This chapter investigates the potential of nanotechnology to revolutionize agricultural practices and mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change. Nanotechnology offers a range of solutions tailored to enhance crop productivity, optimize resource utilization, and promote environmental sustainability. Nano-enabled fertilizers and pesticides hold promise in delivering nutrients effectively to plants while minimizing environmental damage. Furthermore, nanosensors provide real-time monitoring of agro-climatic conditions, enabling precise resource management. Despite its potential benefits, the integration of nanotechnology into agriculture requires careful consideration of environmental and health implications. Risks associated with nanomaterials must be thoroughly assessed to ensure responsible implementation. However, nanotechnology offers a unique chance to transform agricultural sustainability and tackle the issues presented by climate change. Through persistent research, innovation, and responsible integration, nanotechnology can lead to a resilient and sustainable agricultural future, ensuring food security for future generations.