Perceptions of the term ‘cancer survivor’ among women with breast cancer: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Abstract

Purpose The study aimed to explore the perceptions, feelings, thoughts, and meanings attributed to the term “survivor” by women with breast cancer. Method This qualitative study employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 women with breast cancer who had completed active cancer treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy). Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed inductively using the IPA approach. Results Three main themes were identified: “the meaning of survivor for me,” “I feel uncomfortable being defined this way,” and “I am more than a survivor.” Most participants reported that the term “survivor” evoked memories of difficult times and ongoing uncertainty regarding the future. Some participants, however, perceived the term positively, associating it with struggle and success. Overall, the term was unfamiliar to participants and was experienced as a labeling expression that overshadowed their sense of self-identity. The women preferred to be referred to by their names or a more positive and respectful term instead of a predefined label. Conclusion The term “cancer survivor” was perceived as negative and uncomfortable by most women in this study. Findings highlight the importance of culturally sensitive language in oncology care. Nurses and other healthcare professionals should consider individualized preferences and avoid imposing labels that may cause emotional discomfort or identity distress.